At present there are total Fourteen departments in this institute.
1. Medicinal chemistry
2. Natural products
3. Pharmacology and toxicology
4. Regulatory Toxicology
5. Pharmaceutics
6. Pharmaceutical analysis
7. Pharmaceutical technology (Bulk drugs) (chemistry)
8. Pharmaceutical technology (Formulation) (Pharmaceutics)
9. Pharmaceutical technology Biotechnology (PTBT)
10. Biotechnology
11. Practice of pharmacy.
12. Pharmacoinformatics
13. M. B. A. (Pharm)
14. Traditional Medicine
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Mohali, Punjab-160062
Dear fellowers…………….
To live with success is to have healthier intellect. NIPER is one of the targets to achieve success. I am sure you all have a very good perception of the importance of NIPER and I am proud of being here in NIPER. I have not seen many institutes but of the much I have seen and the much I have heard, NIPER is amongst the best. I am sure most of you would be aspiring of being in NIPER. And those who are sure of their capability and competence should prove their metal here.
I have compiled sets of certain points for each subject. These are just grids for the study and are helpful for the specialization papers. You need not to be thorough of it but if not thoroughly, atleast you should be aware of it. None of it should be something heard first. By the way most of these are covered in B. Pharm syllabus. For the general paper, my experience is that one should revise the GATE preparation. Most of the questions in general paper are quite easy. But be sure you are well prepared for it since this is the screening paper. Entrance pattern:
Well entrance consists of 200 questions in 2 hours. (Please check it in Brochure).
Well questions will be very easy so no need to go in depth of the topic. Basic concepts
based questions are asked.
M. Pharma branches and M.B.A. has a common entrance paper. So read some
general knowledge aspects also…………….
This syllabus is just like GATE entrance but more specific in
Basic Chemistry instead of medicinal chemistry.
Specialization subjects: What to study???
1. Medicinal chemistry and Bulk Drugs (Pharma. Tech.)
1. IUPAC nomenclature, R and S nomenclature, E and Z isomerism, atropisomerism, Conformations
2. Hybridization, aromaticity, Huckel’s rule reaction mechanisms- Electrophilic,
Nucleophilic, SN1, SN2, SNi, Elimination E1 E2 etc.
3. Ester hydrolysis, Aac1 Aac2……all eight mechanisms (Jerry march) Markovnikoves
rule, Bredts rule, Stereoselectivity, stereospecificity, regioselectivity,chemoselectivity, chirality, stereochemistry, conformations, rearrangements, acids and bases.
4. Imine-enamine Tautomerism, keto-enol tautomerism, pericyclic reactions, racemic mixture, resolution methods.
5. Amino acids proteins, various methods for amino acid detection, Ninhydrin test,peptide sequencing, structures of amino acids, essential and nonessential amino acids,
6. Introduction to thermal methods of analysis like, TGA, DSC, DTA etc.
7. Carbohydrates classification, osazone test, mutarotation, etc,
8. Various Heterocycles, Heterocycle synthesis, reactions.
9. Introduction to Redox reactions
10. Spectroscopy: (basics specially): Very very IMP topic.NMR, and C-NMR ranges from Morrison & Boyd or Pavia,Mass -Basic concepts about various peaks M+1, molecular ion, base peak etc.
(Silverstein)IR - Frequencies of various groups specially carbonyls.UV
11. Chromatography: detailed.
12. Reaction kinetics, first second third and pseudo first order reactions, radio labeling for determination of mechanism.
13. Common condensation reactions like Aldol, Claisen Perkin, Dickmann, Darzen etc.
14. Other reactions like Cannizarro’s reaction, Prins reaction, especially reactions of
carbonyl compounds.
References:
1. Jerry March
2. Morrison and Boyd
3.I. L. Finar Vol-I and Vol-II
4. Eliel
2. Natural Products: In natural products more stress should be given on phytochemistry part rather than biological aspects.
1. Methods of extraction, isolation and characterization of natural products. Various separation techniques used for isolation of natural products.
2. Biosynthetic pathways.
3. Primary metabolites, their examples.
4. Secondary metabolites, various classes of secondary metabolites (e.g. Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, lignans, saponins, lipids, flavonoids, coumarins,anthocyanidines etc.). Here most imp. Part is chemistry of these classes.
5. Important therapeutic classes: antidiabetics, hepatoprotectives,immmunomodulators, neutraceuticals, natural products for gynecological disorders, anti-cancer, anti-viral (mainly anti-HIV), adaptogens etc.
6. Dietary antioxidants, Marine natural products, Plant growth regulators.
7. Spectroscopy: Basic concepts of UV, NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopy. Give more stress on IR and NMR.
8. Stereochemistry: Basic concepts.
9. Fischer, sawhorse and newmon projection formulaes.
10. Biological sources of important classes of natural products. (Selected ones only)
11. Standardization of natural products.
12. What is difference between natural products and pharmacognosy?
References:
1. For various therapeutic classes: Trease and Evans
2. For spectroscopy: Silverstein, Pavia, Kemp.
3. For stereochemistry: I.L. Finar vol-II
3. Pharmacology and toxicology:
1. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacological effect, desired,undesired, toxic, adverse effects.
2. Bioavailability, bioequivalence, various factors of ADME. (From Bramhankar)
3. Drug metabolism: various pathways and other details.
4. Drug interactions, agonist, antagonist, partial agonist, protein binding, drug distribution, distribution volume, excretion pathways etc.
5. Pharmacological screening: general principles, various screening models,
screening methodologies (in vitro and in vivo tests).
6. Mechanism of drug action, drug-receptor interaction.
7. Various adrenergic, cholinergic and other receptors
8. Detailed study of CNS pharmacology
9. Study of basis of threshold areas of work in NIPER in pharmacology dept.
mentioned in brochure.
10. Diseases: study of the pharmacology of the diseases and drugs used with mode of action especially of diabetes, malaria, leishmaniasis, TB, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, inflammation, and immunomodualtion.
11. Chemotherapy and pathophysiology- knowledge of antibiotics, their mode of action and the microorganisms responsible for various common diseases.
12. Bioassay methods, various requirements. Brief knowledge of the statistical tests.
References:
1. F. S. K. Barar
2. Rang and Dale
3. Wilson and Griswold (for Mechanism)
4. Kasture (for Bioassay and Screening)
4. Pharmaceutics and formulation (Pharm. tech.)
1. Drug delivery systems (DDS): NDDS models, osmotic pumps, various release patterns eg. Controlled release, delayed release. Sustained release etc., order of release. Oral controlled DDS, factors affecting controlled release.
2. Carriers in DDS: polymers and their classification, types, carbohydrates, surfactants,
proteins, lipids, prodrugs etc.
3. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS): principles, absorption enhancers,evaluation of TDDS.
4. Parenterals: requirements, advantages, disadvantages, release pattern, route of drug
delivery.
5. Drug targeting: microspheres, nano particles, liposomes, monoclonal antibodies, etc.
6. Preformulation detailed.
7. Complexation, solubilization, polymerization, viscosity measurements.
8. Dosage form development- stages, implications of dosage form.
9. Additives of formulation, types, examples, advantages, disadvantages, drug excipient
interaction, incompatibility, various types of incompatibilities.
10. Dosage forms: solid (tablets, capsules, pills etc), liquid (emulsion, suspension etc),
sterile ( injectables), aerosols. Principles, advantages, disadvantages and problems.
11. Coating - in detail.
12. Packaging: materials, labeling etc. Types of containers (eg. Tamper-proof containers)
13. In process controls, Product specification, documentation.
14. Compartmental modeling. (From Bramhankar)
15. Bioavailability, bioequivalence studies. Methods of improvement of oral bioavailability.
16. Evaluation of formulation, principles and methods of release control in oral formulations.
References:
1. Notes of Gudsurkar Sir (Most important)
2. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences
3 Others: Bramhankar Lachmann Alfred Martin Liberman Series
5. Pharmaceutical analysis:
1. Stability testing of pharmaceuticals, various stability tests, kinetic studies, shelf life determination, thermal stability, formulation stability.
2. Various analytical techniques
3. Tests: physical and chemical tests, limit tests, microbiological tests, biological tests, disintegration and dissolution tests.
4. Spectroscopic methods; UV, NMR, IR, MS, FT-IR, FT-NMR, ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance), FT-Raman- basics and applications.
5. Thermal techniques: DSC, DTA, TGA, etc.
6. Particle sizing: law of diffraction.
7. Electrophoresis: capillary electrophoresis.
8. Chromatography- detailed.
9. QA and QC: GLP, TQM, ISO system.
10. Preformulation, cyclodextrin inclusion compounds
11. Solubility: pH, pka, surfactant HLB values, Rheology.
12. Crystallinity, polymorphism, solvates and hydrates, crystal habits, porosity,surface area flow properties.
13. Dosage forms, Stages of dosage form development
14. Osmolality, osmolarity, osmotic pressure, conductivity, Preservatives, Media for
bioassay.
References:
1. Willard
2. Silverstein
3. Kemp
4. Pavia (for spectroscopy)
5. Others like Alfred Martin, Chatwal, Garry Christen
5. Pharmaceutical analysis:
1. Stability testing of pharmaceuticals, various stability tests, kinetic studies, shelf
life determination, thermal stability, formulation stability.
2. Various analytical techniques
3. Tests: physical and chemical tests, limit tests, microbiological tests, biological tests, disintegration and dissolution tests.
4. Spectroscopic methods; UV, NMR, IR, MS, FT-IR, FT-NMR, ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance), FT-Raman- basics and applications.
5. Thermal techniques: DSC, DTA, TGA, etc.
6. Particle sizing: law of diffraction.
7. Electrophoresis: capillary electrophoresis.
8. Chromatography- detailed.
9. QA and QC: GLP, TQM, ISO system.
10. Preformulation, cyclodextrin inclusion compounds
11. Solubility: pH, pka, surfactant HLB values, Rheology.
12. Crystallinity, polymorphism, solvates and hydrates, crystal habits, porosity,surface area flow properties.
13. Dosage forms, Stages of dosage form development
14. Osmolality, osmolarity, osmotic pressure, conductivity, Preservatives, Media for bioassay.
References:
1. Willard
2. Silverstein
3. Kemp
4. Pavia (for spectroscopy)
5. Others like Alfred Martin, Chatwal, Garry Christen
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